DEA, Forecasting, Malmquist indices, R and data visualization, R sample code with data

Linear Programming for the Malmquist Productivity Growth Index

July 25, 2012 by admin - No comments

Data Envelopment Analysis

Within couple of days I have been testing DEA modelling (Data Envelopment Analysis) with different R-package. Finally,…. I have found such a comprehensive way to calculate Malmquist indices.

Productivity 1991_2009_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2 — Chart 1

My primary purpose is to show how to use nonparametric methods for measuring efficiency and productivity by using R-programs nonparaeff -package.

At this same time I will show you how to present Malmquist indices within googleVis -world map and finally I will introduse how to make forecast chart for productivity (Chart 1), effectiveness and technical effectiveness indices. In this work I used R-program forecast -library.

Used R-library documentation:
nonparaeff
googleVis
forecast

First of all I would like to thank Author Dong-hyun Oh for nice work with this nonparaeff-package.

In this working paper I will use example of faremalm2. Like nonpraeff -package documentation we calculate Malmquist productivity growth index of OECD countries
(productivity, technical efficiency and efficiency). As data source we have used Penn World Table (like original sources) with following version:
OECD Timeseries 1980-1990 version pwt5.6
OECD Timeseries 1990-2009 version pwt7.0
In pwt7.0 I cannot find capital stock data, so I downloaded it from here (http://www.ifw-kiel.de/forschung/datenbanken/netcap)

Productivity calculation 1980-1990 As output variables is used Total GDP of a country. This variables is calculated using GDP per capita (rgdpl)
and amount of total population (pop). As input variables is used Total labor force (gdp/rgdpwok) and Total capital stock (kapw * labor)

In second productivity computing calculation 1990-2009 I only use one input and one output variables (labor and gdp). This is because there is no
capital stock data available in pwt7.0 (please correct this If I missed something). I will re-calculate this period asap when I get capital data from all countries.

In third productivity computing 1992-2002 I use pwt7.0 and get capital stock data from different OECD datasource
(http://www.ifw-kiel.de/forschung/datenbanken/netcap). As input I used labor and capital variables and as output variables gdp.

When use faremalm2 function you will get the following outputs:
pc.c –> Productivity growth for each country
pc.y –> A trend of productivity growth of SELECTED countries (in this work we use OECD)

tc.c –> Technical efficiency for each country
tc.y –> A trend of technical efficiency growth of SELECTED countries

ec.c –> Efficiency change for each country
ec.y –> A trend of efficiency change of SELECTED countries

Useage of faremalm2

faremalm2(dat = NULL, noutput = 1, id = “id”, year = “year”)
dat –> The format of this data frame is data.frame(id, year, outputs, inputs).
noutput –> number of outputs
id –> column name for DMU:s
year –> column name for the time index

## Malmquist productivity growth index of OECD countries #First install data from OECD install.packages("pwt") # (installing a package can take a couple of minutes)

#Setting the library into use library(pwt) ## Use Penn World Table library(nonparaeff) # DEA modelling

More information about pwt data you can find there (http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php)

#my.dat <- pwt5.6 #used in 1980-1990 #my.dat <- pwt6.3 # my.dat <- pwt7.0 #used in 1990-2009 and 1992-2002 #head(my.dat) summary(my.dat) #my.dat$country

#capital stock data missing so we get it from there # http://www.ifw-kiel.de/forschung/datenbanken/netcap #picking up OECD countries my.oecd.ctry <- c("AUS", "AUT", "BEL", "CAN", "CHE", "DNK", "ESP", "FIN", "FRA", "GBR", "GER", "GRC", "IRL", "ISL", "ITA", "JPN", "KOR", "LUX", "MEX", "NLD", "NOR", "NZL", "PRT", "SWE", "TUR", "USA", "DEU")
#NOTE WPCODE USED IN OLDER DATASET #adding country code #my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$wbcode %in% my.oecd.ctry,] #use this with pwt5.6 my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$isocode %in% my.oecd.ctry,] #use this with pwt7.0 summary(my.dat)

#selecting appropriate years #my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$year %in% 1980:1990,] #my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$year %in% 1950:1992,] my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$year %in% 1990:2009,] #my.dat <- my.dat[my.dat$year %in% 1992:2002,] summary(my.dat) my.dat

Note! I encounter problem (NA or other reason) thats why I do this out of box. my.dat is transformed into data.frame and after
that modified with Excel. This is only used in timeseries 1992-2002 productivity calculation.

#uploading my.dat #my.dat_df <- as.data.frame(my.dat) #out #write.table(my.dat_df, file = "c:/data/my.dat_df.txt", sep = "\t", col.names = NA, qmethod = "double")

Capital stock data inserted in this phase. source: http://www.ifw-kiel.de/forschung/datenbanken/netcap

#...and in both source
 my.dat  <- read.table(".../mydat1990_2009.csv",  header=TRUE, 
sep=";", na.strings="NA", dec=",", strip.white=TRUE)
my.dat <- read.table("http://ekqvist.goeuropeinfo.com/rbloggerqvist/
data/oecd/mydat1990_2009.csv", header=TRUE, sep=";", na.strings="NA", 
dec=",", strip.white=TRUE)

#INSERTING some variables to my.dat (ie. INPUT and OUTPUT -variables calculation) my.dat$rgdpl <- as.numeric(my.dat$rgdpl) ## GDP per capita my.dat$pop <- as.numeric(my.dat$pop) ## total population (1000) my.dat$rgdpwok <- as.numeric(my.dat$rgdpwok) ## GDP per labor

my.dat$gdp <- my.dat$rgdpl * my.dat$pop ## Total GDP of a country my.dat$labor <- with(my.dat, gdp/rgdpwok) ## Total labor force

my.dat$capital <- with(my.dat, kapw * labor) ## Total capital stock           MISSING pwt7 note: this is used in pwt5.6
 #my.dat$capital <- as.numeric(my.dat$capital)  
## Total capital stock  ADDED FROM DIFF. SOURCE now used in time 
series 1993-2002

my.dat$kapw <- as.numeric(my.dat$kapw) ## Capital stock per labor         MISSING pwt7 note: this is used in pwt5.6
 #my.dat$kapw <- with(my.dat, my.dat$capital/my.dat$labor) ## 
Capital stock per labor now used in time series 1993-2002

#variable used in 1990-2009 Malmquist productivity calculation

#1980-1990
#1990-2009
#1992-2002

#these variables used in timeseries 1980-1990 and 1992-2002 #oecd <- my.dat[, c("country", "wbcode", "year", "gdp", "labor", "capital")] #used in time series 1980-1990 oecd <- my.dat[, c("country", "isocode", "year", "gdp", "labor")] # 1990-2009 #oecd <- my.dat[, c("country", "isocode", "year", "gdp", "labor", "capital")] #used in time series 1992-2002

summary(oecd) head(oecd)
#removing NA-rows oecd <- oecd[!is.na(oecd$capital),] summary(oecd)

#Now calcuatel productivity (pc), effiency (ec) and technical efficiency (tc) #huom. tämä on tehty eri aikasarjoille ja hyvä niin koska mahdollistaa eri aikajaksojen tarkastelun library(nonparaeff) # DEA modelling re.oecd <- faremalm2(dat = oecd, noutput = 1, id = "isocode", year = "year") #re.oecd <- faremalm2(dat = oecd, noutput = 1, id = "wbcode", year = "year")

summary(re.oecd)

###################################################### #ISOCODE USED IN #1990-2009 and 1992-2002 #note:

## productivity growth for each country pc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$pc, re.oecd$isocode, geometric.mean) #pc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$pc, re.oecd$wbcode, geometric.mean) ## a trend of productivity growth of SELECTED countries pc.y <- tapply(re.oecd$pc, re.oecd$year, geometric.mean)

## technical efficiency for each country
tc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$tc, re.oecd$isocode, geometric.mean)
#tc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$tc, re.oecd$wbcode, geometric.mean)

## a trend of technical efficiency growth of SELECTED countries
tc.y <- tapply(re.oecd$tc, re.oecd$year, geometric.mean)

## efficiency change for each country
ec.c <- tapply(re.oecd$ec, re.oecd$isocode, geometric.mean)
#ec.c <- tapply(re.oecd$ec, re.oecd$wbcode, geometric.mean)
## a trend of efficiency change of SELECTED countries
ec.y <- tapply(re.oecd$ec, re.oecd$year, geometric.mean)
######################################################
pc.c

#1980-1990, 1990-2009 #country -variable(we use it in google vis plotting) ## productivity growth for each country pc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$pc, re.oecd$country, geometric.mean)

## technical efficiency for each country
tc.c <- tapply(re.oecd$tc, re.oecd$country, geometric.mean)

## efficiency change for each country
ec.c <- tapply(re.oecd$ec, re.oecd$country, geometric.mean)

#missing time series 1992-2002 TURKEY, KOREA, LUXEMBOURG AND MEKSIKO capital stock data #VUOSITTAINEN startyear-endyear KESKIARVO TEHOKKUUSKERTOIMESSA (MALMQUIST - FARREL) #ec: efficiency change #TEHOKKUUSMUUTOS ec.c_df <- as.data.frame(ec.c) summary(ec.c_df) ec.c_df #tc: technical change #TEKNISEN TEHOKKUUDEN MUUTOS tc.c_df <- as.data.frame(tc.c)

#pc: productivity change #TUOTTAVUUDEN MUUTOS
pc.c_df <- as.data.frame(pc.c)

#LITTLE TRICK #ec: efficiency change #TEHOKKUUSMUUTOS write.table(ec.c_df, file = "c:/data/ec.c_df.txt", sep = "\t", col.names = NA, qmethod = "double") ec.c_df2 <- read.table("c:/data/ec.c_df.txt", header=TRUE, sep="\t", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE) names(ec.c_df2)<- c("Country", "Effiency")

#tc: technical change #TEKNISEN TEHOKKUUDEN MUUTOS write.table(tc.c_df, file = "c:/data/tc.c_df.txt", sep = "\t", col.names = NA, qmethod = "double") tc.c_df2 <- read.table("c:/data/tc.c_df.txt", header=TRUE, sep="\t", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE) names(tc.c_df2)<- c("Country", "Effiency")

#pc: productivity change #TUOTTAVUUDEN MUUTOS
write.table(pc.c_df, file = “c:/data/pc.c_df.txt”, sep = “\t”, col.names = NA, qmethod = “double”)
pc.c_df2 <- read.table(“c:/data/pc.c_df.txt”, header=TRUE, sep=”\t”, na.strings=”NA”, dec=”.”, strip.white=TRUE)
names(pc.c_df2)<- c(“Country”, “Effiency”)

#REMOVING NA-VALUES ec.c_df2 <- ec.c_df2[!is.na(ec.c_df2$Effiency),] tc.c_df2 <- tc.c_df2[!is.na(tc.c_df2$Effiency),] pc.c_df2 <- pc.c_df2[!is.na(pc.c_df2$Effiency),] summary(ec.c_df2)

#just cecking country names ec.c_df2$Country

#replace some country name with new one…
ec.c_df3 <- gsub(“United States of America”, “United States”, ec.c_df2$Country)
ec.c_df3 <- gsub(“Germany, West”, “Germany”, ec.c_df3)
ec.c_df3 <- gsub(“Korea, Republic”, “South Korea”, ec.c_df3)

tc.c_df3 <- gsub(“United States of America”, “United States”, tc.c_df2$Country)
tc.c_df3 <- gsub(“Germany, West”, “Germany”, tc.c_df3)
tc.c_df3 <- gsub(“Korea, Republic”, “South Korea”, tc.c_df3)

pc.c_df3 <- gsub(“United States of America”, “United States”, pc.c_df2$Country)
pc.c_df3 <- gsub(“Germany, West”, “Germany”, pc.c_df3)
pc.c_df3 <- gsub(“Korea, Republic”, “South Korea”, pc.c_df3)

#as a dataframe MUUNNETAAN DATA FRAMEKSI
ec.c_df3 <- as.data.frame(ec.c_df3)
tc.c_df3 <- as.data.frame(tc.c_df3)
pc.c_df3 <- as.data.frame(pc.c_df3)

#check total number of rows KATSOTAAN RIVINUMEROINNIT MERGELLE
summary(ec.c_df2)
nrow(ec.c_df2)
nrow(ec.c_df3)

summary(tc.c_df2)
nrow(tc.c_df2)
nrow(tc.c_df3)

summary(pc.c_df2)
nrow(pc.c_df2)
nrow(pc.c_df3)

#used in time series #1980-1990 #1990-2009 #giving row id ...NUMEROIDDAAN ID MERGEÄ VARTEN ec.c_df2$id1=c(1:26) ec.c_df3$id1=c(1:26) tc.c_df2$id1=c(1:26) tc.c_df3$id1=c(1:26) pc.c_df2$id1=c(1:26) pc.c_df3$id1=c(1:26)
#...and for time series #1991-2002 #giving row id ...NUMEROIDDAAN ID MERGEÄ VARTEN ec.c_df2$id1=c(1:22) ec.c_df3$id1=c(1:22) tc.c_df2$id1=c(1:22) tc.c_df3$id1=c(1:22) pc.c_df2$id1=c(1:22) pc.c_df3$id1=c(1:22)
#merge data table and renamed country by id ..... ec.c_df4 <-merge(ec.c_df2, ec.c_df3, by.x="id1", by.y="id1", all = TRUE) tc.c_df4 <-merge(tc.c_df2, tc.c_df3, by.x="id1", by.y="id1", all = TRUE) pc.c_df4 <-merge(pc.c_df2, pc.c_df3, by.x="id1", by.y="id1", all = TRUE)

#check the data head(ec.c_df4) head(tc.c_df4) head(pc.c_df4) summary(ec.c_df4)

#selecting columns to the gvisGeoMapping ..... ec.c_df5 <- data.frame(ec.c_df4$ec.c_df3, ec.c_df4$Effiency ) tc.c_df5 <- data.frame(tc.c_df4$tc.c_df3, tc.c_df4$Effiency ) pc.c_df5 <- data.frame(pc.c_df4$pc.c_df3, pc.c_df4$Effiency )

#check the data head(ec.c_df5) head(tc.c_df5) head(pc.c_df5)

summary(ec.c_df5)
summary(tc.c_df5)
summary(pc.c_df5)

#naming trick names(ec.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Effiency change in OECD 1980-1990") names(tc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Technical Effiency change in OECD 1980-1990") names(pc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Productivity change in OECD 1980-1990")

#naming time series 1991-2009 names(ec.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Effiency change in OECD 1991-2009") names(tc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Technical Effiency change in OECD 1991-2009") names(pc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Productivity change in OECD 1991-2009")

#1991-2002 names(ec.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Effiency change in OECD 1991-2002") names(tc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Technical Effiency change in OECD 1991-2002") names(pc.c_df5)<- c("Country", "Productivity change in OECD 1991-2002")

head(ec.c_df5) head(tc.c_df5) head(pc.c_df5)

#set library
library(googleVis)

#1980-1990 #me/230712 #1 #KMEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES 1980-1990 Efficency change Geo1=gvisGeoMap(ec.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Effiency change in OECD 1980-1990", options=list (height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) #plot(Geo1) cat(Geo1$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_eff_1980_1990_malmquist2.html")

#2 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES 1980-1990 Efficency change Geo2=gvisGeoMap(tc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Technical Effiency change in OECD 1980-1990", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) #plot(Geo2) cat(Geo2$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_tech_eff_1980_1990_malmquist2.html")

#3 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES 1980-1990 Efficency change Geo3=gvisGeoMap(pc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Productivity change in OECD 1980-1990", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) #plot(Geo3) cat(Geo3$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_prod_1980_1990_malmquist2.html")

#1991-2009 (capital var dropped) #me/240712 #1 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo1=gvisGeoMap(ec.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Effiency change in OECD 1991-2009", options=list (height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo1) cat(Geo1$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_eff_1991_2009_malmquist2.html")

#2 #VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo2=gvisGeoMap(tc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Technical Effiency change in OECD 1991-2009", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo2) cat(Geo2$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_tech_eff_1991_2009_malmquist2.html")

#3 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo3=gvisGeoMap(pc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Productivity change in OECD 1991-2009", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo3) cat(Geo3$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_prod_1991_2009_malmquist2.html")

#1991-2002 (capital as input) #me/240712 #1 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo1=gvisGeoMap(ec.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Effiency change in OECD 1991-2002", options=list (height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo1) cat(Geo1$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_eff_1991_2002_malmquist2.html")

#2 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo2=gvisGeoMap(tc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Technical Effiency change in OECD 1991-2002", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo2) cat(Geo2$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_tech_eff_1991_2002_malmquist2.html")

#3 #KESKIARVO MEAN VALUE OF MALMQUIST INDICES Geo3=gvisGeoMap(pc.c_df5, locationvar="Country", numvar="Productivity change in OECD 1991-2002", options=list(height=450, width=800, dataMode='regions')) plot(Geo3) cat(Geo3$html$chart, file=".../oecd_mean_prod_1991_2002_malmquist2.html")

World Map (producitivity, efficiency)

The cubic smoothing spline model

Now we plot productivity, effectiveness and technical effectiveness mean values historical trend and forecast by using
The cubic smoothing spline model. It is equivalent to an ARIMA(0,2,2) model.

############################################################### library(forecast) #library(ggplot2) #1980-1990 #1990-2009 #1991-2002 ##################################################################### #1 #1980-1990 ##################################################################### #PRODUCTIVITY pc.y fcast_pc <- splinef(pc.y,h=10, fan=T) #NOTE confidence leve 50, 99 plot(fcast_pc, main="Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline", ylab="Malmquist indices - Productivity", xlab="Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)")

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Productivity 1980_1990_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_pc, main=”Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Productivity”, xlab=”Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)”)
dev.off()

#TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY
fcast_tc <- splinef(tc.y,h=10, fan=T)
plot(fcast_tc, main=”Technical Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Technical Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)”)

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Technical efficiency 1980_1990_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_tc, main=”Technical Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Technical Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)”)
dev.off()

#EFFICIENCY
fcast_ec <- splinef(ec.y,h=10, fan=T)
plot(fcast_ec, main=”Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)”)

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“G:/data/home/2012/marko/blogi_rbloggerqvist/tekstiaihiot/40/Efficiency 1980_1990_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_ec, main=”Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1980, 10=1990, 20=2000)”)
dev.off()

summary(fcast_pc)
summary(fcast_tc)
summary(fcast_ec)

#####################################################################
#2
#1991-2009
#####################################################################
#PRODUCTIVITY
pc.y
fcast_pc <- splinef(pc.y,h=10, fan=T) #NOTE confidence leve 50, 99
plot(fcast_pc, main=”Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Productivity”, xlab=”Year(0=1990, 20=2010)”)

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Productivity 1991_2009_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_pc, main=”Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Productivity”, xlab=”Year(0=1990, 20=2010)”)
dev.off()

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“G:/data/home/2012/marko/blogi_rbloggerqvist/tekstiaihiot/40/Technical efficiency 1991_2009_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_tc, main=”Technical Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Technical Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1990, 20=2010)”)
dev.off()

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Efficiency 1991_2009_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_ec, main=”Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(0=1990, 20=2010)”)
dev.off()

summary(fcast_pc)
summary(fcast_tc)
summary(fcast_ec)
######################################################################3
#1991-2002 (capital included)
#
#####################################################################
#PRODUCTIVITY
fcast_pc <- splinef(pc.y,h=10, fan=T) #NOTE confidence leve 50, 99
plot(fcast_pc, main=”Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Productivity”, xlab=”Year(1=1991, 10=2000, 20=2012)”)

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Productivity 1991_2002_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_pc, main=”Productivity, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Productivity”, xlab=”Year(1=1991, 10=2000, 20=2012)”)
dev.off()

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Technical efficiency 1991_2002_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_tc, main=”Technical Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Technical Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(1=1991, 10=2000, 20=2012)”)
dev.off()

# example – output graph to jpeg file
jpeg(“…/Efficiency 1991_2002_Forecast Cubic_Smoothing_Spline10y2.jpg”)
plot(fcast_ec, main=”Efficiency, forecast from Cubic Smoothing Spline”, ylab=”Malmquist indices – Efficiency”, xlab=”Year(1=1991, 10=2000, 20=2012)”)
dev.off()

summary(fcast_pc)
summary(fcast_tc)
summary(fcast_ec)
#####################################################################

Ok, that’s it,
Have fun with Linear Programming for the Malmquist Productivity Growth Index and its wide range of applications…

Marko

Tagged with: DEA Malmquist R

R and data visualization, R and energy related data, R sample code with data

R and Sankey diagram (Central Finland energy balance 2010)

July 11, 2012 by admin - No comments

Visualize energy balance data

As energy engineer I have sometimes need to visualize energy balance data using Sankey diagram. In this example I will introduce how to do that with R.

As a data source I will use Central Finlands energy balance 2010 data.

Source of data you will find from this address: Keski-Suomen energiatase 2010

Ok let’s start to rock with R

To produce Sankey with R we use Function SankeyR (you will find same source as I use in this example from here)

We run first SankeyR function. Copy following code into your RGui.

SankeyR <- function(inputs, losses, unit, labels, format="plot"){
 ########################
 # SankeyR version 1.01 (updated August 10, 2010)
 # is a function for creating Sankey Diagrams in R.
 # See http://www.sankey-diagrams.com for excellent examples of Sankey Diagrams.
 #
 # OPTIONS:
 # 'inputs' is a vector of input values
 # 'losses' is a vector of loss values
 # 'unit' is a string of the unit
 # 'labels' is a vector of the labels for inputs and losses
 # 'format' is the type of plotting:
 #   The default is "plot," which produces a plot in the R graphics device.
 #   Current alternate options include "pdf" and "bmp," which produce
 #   those file types under the name "Sankey.xxx" in the current directory.
 #
 # Inputs do not need to equal losses.  Any difference will be displayed
 # as a discrepancy in the height of the left and right sides of the diagram.
 # This capability enables the developer to examine imbalances in flows.
 # Percentages are a proportion of the inputs (so, the outputs might not equal 100%).
 #
 # EXAMPLE:
 # Try using these values for the global carbon cycle, from Schlesinger (1997):
 #  inputs = c(120,92)
 #  losses = c(45,75,90,1,6)
 #  unit = "GtC/yr"
 #  labels = c("GPP","Ocean assimilation","Ra","Rh","Ocean loss","LULCC","Fossil fuel emissions")
 #  SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)
 #
 # UPDATES:
 # 8/10/10 - Added drawing for only one input.
 #
 # CREDITS:
 # Created for R by Aaron BERDANIER
 # send questions or comments to
 # aaron.berdanier@gmail.com
 #
 # SankeyR is based strongly on drawSankey for Matlab,
 # from James SPELLING, KTH-EGI-EKV (spelling@kth.se)
 # http://leniwiki.epfl.ch/index.php/DrawSankey
 #
 # Distributed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial.
 # Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make
 # derivative works based on it only for noncommercial purposes.
 #
 # Aaron would appreciate notification if you modify or improve this function.
 ########################

# Calculate fractional losses and inputs
 frLosses = losses/sum(inputs)
 frInputs = inputs/sum(inputs)

# First input and last output labels
 inputLabel = paste(labels[1],": ",inputs[1]," ",unit," (",round(100*frInputs[1],digits=1),"%)",sep="")
 lossLabel = paste(labels[length(labels)],": ",losses[length(losses)]," ",unit," 
(",round(100*frLosses[length(losses)],digits=1),"%)",sep="")

########################
 # Calculate position of plot axes (repeat of annotated code below; alternative: save values as vectors...)
 limTop = frInputs[1]; posTop = 0.4; maxy=0
 limBot = 0; posBot = 0.1
 if(length(inputs)>1){
 for(j in 2:length(inputs)){
 rI = max(0.07, abs(frInputs[j]/2))
 rE = rI + abs(frInputs[j])
 newPosB = posBot + rE*sin(pi/4) + 0.01
 posBot = newPosB
 arcEx = posBot - rE*sin(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 arcEy = limBot - rE*(1-cos(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100)))
 arcIx = posBot - rI*sin(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 arcIy = limBot - rE + rI*cos(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 phiTip = pi/4 - 2*min(0.05, 0.8*abs(frInputs[j]))/(rI + rE)
 xTip = posBot - (rE+rI)*sin(phiTip)/2
 yTip = limBot - rE + (rE+rI)*cos(phiTip)/2
 limBot = limBot - frInputs[j]
 }
 }else{}
 posTop = posBot + 0.4
 for(i in 1:(length(losses)-1)){
 rI = max(0.07, abs(frLosses[i]/2))
 rE = rI + abs(frLosses[i])
 arcIx = posTop + rI*sin(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100))
 arcIy = limTop + rI*(1 - cos(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100)))
 arcEx = posTop + rE*sin(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100));
 arcEy = (limTop + rI) - rE*cos(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100))
 arEdge = max(0.015, rI/3)
 arTop  = max(0.04, 0.8*frLosses[i])
 arX = posTop + rI + c(0,-arEdge,frLosses[i]/2,frLosses[i]+arEdge,frLosses[i])
 arY = limTop + rI + c(0,0,arTop,0,0)
 if(max(arY)>maxy){maxy = max(arY)}else{maxy=maxy}
 limTop = limTop - frLosses[i]
 newPos = posTop + rE + 0.01
 posTop = newPos
 }
 newPos = max(posTop, posBot) + max(0.05*limTop,0.05)
 newPos = newPos + 0.8*(limTop-limBot)

maxx = newPos
 miny = (limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)])-max(0.015,abs(frLosses[length(frLosses)]/4))
 maxy = maxy*2
 minx = 0

########################
 # Graphics type?
 if(format!="plot"){
 # Call graphics device
 plottype = switch(format,
 "pdf" = pdf("Sankey.pdf", width=11, height=min(8.5,11*(maxy-miny)/((maxx+3)-minx))),
 "bmp" = bmp("Sankey.bmp", width=800*((maxx+3)-minx)/(maxy-miny), height=800, unit="px",res=144)
 )
 }

# Create plotting window
 par(mar=c(0,0,0,0),oma=c(0,0,0,0))
 plot(0,0,type="n",xlim=c(-1.5,maxx+1.5),ylim=c(miny,maxy),xaxt="n",yaxt="n")

w = 1 # line width

# Calculate fractional losses and inputs
 frLosses = losses/sum(inputs)
 frInputs = inputs/sum(inputs)

# Draw back edge of first input arrow
 lines(c(0.1,0,0.05,0,0.4), c(0,0,frInputs[1]/2,frInputs[1],frInputs[1]),lwd=w)

# First input label
 inputLabel = paste(labels[1],": ",inputs[1]," ",unit," (",round(100*frInputs[1],digits=1),"%)",sep="")
 fontsize = max(0.5,frInputs[1]*2.5)
 text(0, frInputs[1]/2, inputLabel, cex=fontsize, pos=2) # try pos=4

# Set initial position for the top of the arrows
 limTop = frInputs[1]; posTop = 0.4; maxy=0

# set initial position for the bottom of the arrows
 limBot = 0; posBot = 0.1

###
 # DRAW ARROWS FOR ADDITIONAL INPUTS
 if(length(inputs)>1){
 for(j in 2:length(inputs)){

# determine inner and outer arrow radii
 rI = max(0.07, abs(frInputs[j]/2))
 rE = rI + abs(frInputs[j])
 # push separation point forwards
 newPosB = posBot + rE*sin(pi/4) + 0.01
 lines(c(posBot,newPosB), c(limBot,limBot), lwd=w)
 posBot = newPosB
 # determine points on the external arc
 arcEx = posBot - rE*sin(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 arcEy = limBot - rE*(1-cos(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100)))
 # determine points on the internal arc
 arcIx = posBot - rI*sin(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 arcIy = limBot - rE + rI*cos(seq(0,pi/4,length.out=100))
 # draw internal and external arcs
 lines(arcIx, arcIy, lwd=w)
 lines(arcEx, arcEy, lwd=w)

# determine arrow point tip
 phiTip = pi/4 - 2*min(0.05, 0.8*abs(frInputs[j]))/(rI + rE)
 xTip = posBot - (rE+rI)*sin(phiTip)/2
 yTip = limBot - rE + (rE+rI)*cos(phiTip)/2
 # draw back edge of additional input arrows
 lines(c(min(arcEx),xTip,min(arcIx)), c(min(arcEy),yTip,min(arcIy)), lwd=w)

# Draw label
 phiText = pi/2-2*min(0.05,0.8*abs(frInputs[j]))/(rI+rE)
 xText = posBot-(rE+rI)*sin(phiText)/3
 yText = limBot-rE/1.5+(rE+rI)*cos(phiText)/2
 fullLabel = paste(labels[j],": ",inputs[j]," ",unit," (",round(100*frInputs[j],digits=1),"%)",sep="")
 fontsize = max(0.5,frInputs[j]*2.5)
 text(xText, yText, fullLabel, cex=fontsize, pos=2)

# save new bottom end of arrow
 limBot = limBot - frInputs[j]
 }

posTop = posBot + 0.4

lines(c(0.4,posTop), c(frInputs[1],frInputs[1]), lwd=w)

lines(c(posBot,posBot+(posTop-posBot)/2), c(limBot,limBot),lwd=w)

posMid=posBot+(posTop-posBot)/2

}else{
 lines(c(posBot,posBot+(posTop-posBot)/2), c(limBot,limBot),lwd=w)
 posMid=posBot+(posTop-posBot)/2
 }

###
 # DRAW ARROWS OF LOSSES
 for(i in 1:(length(losses)-1)){

# Determine inner and outer arrow radii
 rI = max(0.07, abs(frLosses[i]/2))
 rE = rI + abs(frLosses[i])
 # Determine points on the internal arc
 arcIx = posTop + rI*sin(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100))
 arcIy = limTop + rI*(1 - cos(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100)))
 # Determine points on the internal arc
 arcEx = posTop + rE*sin(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100));
 arcEy = (limTop + rI) - rE*cos(seq(0,pi/2,length.out=100))
 # Draw internal and external arcs
 lines(arcIx, arcIy, lwd=w)
 lines(arcEx, arcEy, lwd=w)

# Determine arrow tip dimensions
 arEdge = max(0.015, rI/3)
 arTop  = max(0.04, 0.8*frLosses[i])
 # Determine points on arrow tip
 arX = posTop + rI + c(0,-arEdge,frLosses[i]/2,frLosses[i]+arEdge,frLosses[i])
 arY = limTop + rI + c(0,0,arTop,0,0)
 if(max(arY)>maxy){maxy = max(arY)}else{maxy=maxy}
 # Draw tip of losses arrow
 lines(arX, arY, lwd=w)

# Draw label
 txtX = posTop + rI + frLosses[i]/2
 txtY = limTop + rI + arTop + 0.05
 fullLabel = paste(labels[i+length(inputs)],": ",losses[i]," ",unit," 
(",round(100*frLosses[i],digits=1),"%)",sep="")
 fontsize = max(0.5,frLosses[i]*2.5)
 text(txtX, txtY, fullLabel, cex=fontsize, pos=4, srt=35)

# Save new position of arrow top
 limTop = limTop - frLosses[i]
 # Advance to new separation point
 newPos = posTop + rE + 0.01
 # Draw top line to new separation point
 lines(c(posTop,newPos), c(limTop,limTop), lwd=w)
 # Save new advancement point
 posTop = newPos

# SEPARATION LINES - not implemented yet

###
 # Push the arrow forwards a little after all side-arrows drawn
 newPos = max(posTop, posBot) + max(0.05*limTop,0.05)
 # Draw lines to this new position
 lines(c(posTop,newPos), c(limTop,limTop),lwd=w)
 lines(c(posMid,newPos), c(limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)],limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)]),lwd=w)

# Draw final arrowhead for the output
 lines(c(newPos,newPos,newPos+max(0.04,0.8*(frLosses[length(frLosses)])),newPos,newPos), 
c(limTop,limTop+max(0.015,abs(frLosses[length

(frLosses)]/6)),limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)]/2,(limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)])-max(0.015,
abs(frLosses[length(frLosses)]/6)),(limTop-frLosses

[length(frLosses)])),  lwd=w)

# Save final tip position
 newPos = newPos + 0.8*(frLosses[length(frLosses)])

# Last loss label
 lossLabel = paste(labels[length(labels)],": ",losses[length(losses)]," ",unit," 
(",round(100*frLosses[length(losses)],digits=1),"%)",sep="")
 fontsize = max(0.5,frLosses[length(losses)]*2.5)
 text(newPos+0.05, limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)]/2, lossLabel, cex=fontsize, pos=4) # try pos=4

# Draw mid-line
 if(limBot<(limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)])){
 lines(c(posMid,posMid), c(frInputs[1],limBot),lty=2)
 }else{
 lines(c(posMid,posMid), c(frInputs[1],limTop-frLosses[length(frLosses)]),lty=2)
 }

if(format!="plot"){
 # Close graphics device
 dev.off()
 }}

After that “Gui-run” we use Central Finlands energy balance data from year 2010…

#Central Finlands energy balance 2010 (Keski-Suomen energiatase 2010 Source: http://www.kesto.fi)
 #
 # inputs
 #Oil 4.2 TWh
 #Coal 0,04
 #Peat 3.2
 #Wood fuel 4.1
 #Black ? 2.5
 #REF + other 0.12
 #Water 0.13
 #Elec.import 4.3

# lossess
 #Industry 9.5
 #--> Elec 4,65
 #--> process heat 4,85

#Buildings 5.1
 #--> district heating 2.55
 #--> wood 0.663
 #--> oil 0.969
 #--> elec 0,867
 #Other elec consumption 1.5
 #Traffic 2.6
 #--> Bensin  1.196
 #--> Diesel 1.404
 #total 18.6 TWh

inputs = c(4.2,0.04,3.2,4.1,2.5,0.12,4.3,0.13)
 losses = c(9.5,5.1,1.5,2.6)
 unit = "TWh/yr"
 labels = c("Oil","Coal","Peat","Wood","Black liquor","REF + other","Elec.import","Water", 
"Industry","Buildings", "Other elec. consumption", "Traffic")
 SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)

#saving into file jpg. note: picture quality not so good
 jpeg(".../energybalance.jpg")
 SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)
 dev.off()

#saving into file note: picture quality not so good
 png(".../energybalance.png")
 SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)
 dev.off()

#saving into file note: note: picture quality not so good
 bmp(".../energybalance.bmp")
 SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)
 dev.off()

#saving into file note: picture quality excellent
 pdf(".../energybalance.pdf")
 SankeyR(inputs,losses,unit,labels)
 dev.off()

Result is ok, but just now I have no idea how to produce “sub-branches” of losses. Anyway very nice routine to produce Sankey….And here you will find Sankey diagram in pdf format energybalance.

Have fun,
Marko

Tagged with: data visualisation R sankey diagram with R

R and data visualization, R and maps, R sample code with data

R and Eurostat bulk data (Heatmap example)

July 4, 2012 by admin - No comments

R and Eurostat bulk data

In this Exercise I am testing Eurostat bulk data source and plot these data into Heatmap. Let’s try with this data:
“Harmonised unemployment rates (%) – monthly data (ei_lmhr_m)”

#You will also find Eurostat Data source from here:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/bulk_download

#I will automate this data downloading and extracting, but just now this is semiautomatic # create download directory and set it .exdir = 'c:/data/tmp2' # put there your own data folder dir.create(.exdir) .file = file.path(.exdir, 'ei_lmhr_m.tsv.gz') # change this# download file url = 'http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/NavTree_prod/everybody/BulkDownloadListing?sort=1&downfile=data%2Fei_lmhr_m.tsv.gz' download.file(url, .file)# untar it (Note: I do not know why I got error message: Error in getOct(block, 100, 8) : invalid octal digit) untar(.file, compressed = 'gzip', exdir = path.expand(.exdir))# Argh...something going wrong with this step, so I have to manipulate just downloaded data. First I remove comma# from very first variables and etc... I always use Notetab light as a Text editor in this kind of task.# Reading file into R. Please refer here your own data folder... input <- read.table("c:/data/tmp2/ei_lmhr_m.tsv", header=TRUE, sep="\t", na.strings=":", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)#just checking head(input)# LM-UN-T-TOT = Unemployment rate according to ILO definition - Total rate# NSA = not seasonally adjusted input<- input[which(input$indic=="LM-UN-T-TOT"),] input<- input[which(input$s_adj=="NSA"),]#giving appropriate names in to the heatmap (without this manouver there will be only row id) row.names(input) <- input$geo.time#just checking head(input)#Column selection. We will get data between time period 05/2008 - 05/2012input2 <- input[,5:53]# data frame must change into data matrix to produce heatmap. input_matrix <- data.matrix(input2)#heatmap is almost here input_heatmap <- heatmap(input_matrix, Rowv=NA, Colv=NA, col = heat.colors(256), scale="column", margins=c(5,10), xlab = "Harmonised unemployment rates (%) - monthly data", ylab= "Country or Area")#saving heatmap into folder jpeg("G:/data/home/2012/marko/blogi_rbloggerqvist/data/eurostat/Harmonised unemployment rates percentmonthly data.jpg") input_heatmap <- heatmap(input_matrix, Rowv=NA, Colv=NA, col = heat.colors(256), scale="column", margins=c(5,10), xlab = "Harmonised unemployment rates (%) - monthly data", ylab= "Country or Area") dev.off()Have fun, Marko

Tagged with: Harmonised unemployment rates heatmaps R

R and data visualization, R and maps, R sample code with data

R and population maps in Finland 31.5.2012

June 29, 2012 by admin - No comments

This example source is almost same like this. I used at first time sorvi-package. In this example I modified little bit original and try to compare MML and GADM shape – files. As we know there is some need to updates into GADM shapefiles (as you will see). Datafiles source date is 31.05.2012 from Väestörekisterikeskus. Thanks to Louhos -people and their invaluable work within open -data project.

# library sorvi You will find there

library(sorvi)
library(rgeos)
library(rgdal)
if (!gpclibPermit()) { gpclibPermit() }

# Finland map and municipility data at gadm-format
gadm <- GetGADM(“FIN_adm”, “Kunta”)

##now we use also MML as data source (shape) because of compare shape files
# (C) MML 2011
data(MML)
sp <- MML[[“1_milj_Shape_etrs_shape”]][[“kunta1_p”]]

# vaestorekisteri population data from data source vrk.fi 31.05.2012
vrek <- GetPopulationRegister(“http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=6706&site=3&id=0”)

# Attach vrk data into map object and
# set population as zero where na
gadm$asukkaita <- log10(rowSums(vrek[gadm$Kunta, c(“Miehet”, “Naiset”)]))
gadm$asukkaita[is.na(gadm$asukkaita)] <- 0

sp$asukkaita <- log10(rowSums(vrek[sp$Kunta, c(“Miehet”, “Naiset”)]))
sp$asukkaita[is.na(sp$asukkaita)] <- 0

# male and female share
gadm$miehet.osuus <- vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Miehet”]/vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Yhteensa”]
gadm$naiset.osuus <- vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Naiset”]/vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Yhteensa”]

gadm_summary_male <- summary(vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Miehet”]/vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Yhteensa”])
gadm_summary_female <- summary(vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Naiset”]/vrek[gadm$Kunta, “Yhteensa”])

sp$miehet.osuus <- vrek[sp$Kunta, “Miehet”]/vrek[sp$Kunta, “Yhteensa”]
sp$naiset.osuus <- vrek[sp$Kunta, “Naiset”]/vrek[sp$Kunta, “Yhteensa”]

sp_summary_male <- summary(vrek[sp$Kunta, “Miehet”]/vrek[sp$Kunta, “Yhteensa”])
sp_summary_female <- summary(vrek[sp$Kunta, “Naiset”]/vrek[sp$Kunta, “Yhteensa”])

#some summary stat

gadm_summary_male
gadm_summary_female
sp_summary_male
sp_summary_female

hist_gadm_male <- hist(gadm$miehet.osuus)
hist_gadm_female <- hist(gadm$naiset.osuus)
hist_sp_male <- hist(sp$miehet.osuus)
hist_sp_female <- hist(sp$naiset.osuus)

plot(density(gadm$miehet.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(gadm$naiset.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(sp$miehet.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(sp$naiset.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))

#saving hist figure into file …\r_maps
jpeg(“…/hist.jpg”)
layout(matrix(1:4,2,2))
hist_gadm_male <- hist(gadm$miehet.osuus)
hist_gadm_female <- hist(gadm$naiset.osuus)
hist_sp_male <- hist(sp$miehet.osuus)
hist_sp_female <- hist(sp$naiset.osuus)
dev.off()

#saving density figre into file …\r_maps (replace … as your fav. folder)
jpeg(“…/density.jpg”)
layout(matrix(1:4,2,2))
plot(density(gadm$miehet.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(gadm$naiset.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(sp$miehet.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
plot(density(sp$naiset.osuus,na.rm=TRUE))
dev.off()

# set share 50% male/female
# where na
gadm$miehet.osuus[is.na(gadm$miehet.osuus)] <- 0.5
gadm$naiset.osuus[is.na(gadm$naiset.osuus)] <- 0.5

#same with MML

sp$miehet.osuus[is.na(sp$miehet.osuus)] <- 0.5
sp$naiset.osuus[is.na(sp$naiset.osuus)] <- 0.5

# border of interval GADM
varname1 <- “naiset.osuus”
interval1 <- max(abs(gadm[[varname1]] – 0.5))
at1 <- seq(0.5 – interval1, 0.5 + interval1, length = 100)

#border of interval MML

varname2 <- “naiset.osuus”
interval2 <- max(abs(sp[[varname2]] – 0.5))
at2 <- seq(0.5 – interval2, 0.5 + interval2, length = 100)

#PLOTTING INTO FILE

jpeg(“j:/todo/r_maps/gadm_280612.jpg”)
q1 <- PlotShape(gadm, varname1, type = “twoway”, at = at1, main = “Share of women (red) and men (blue) 31.05.2012 n=437 (GADM)”)
dev.off()

jpeg(“j:/todo/r_maps/mml_280612.jpg”)
q2 <- PlotShape(sp, varname2, type = “twoway”, at = at2, main = “Share of women (red) and men (blue) 31.05.2012 n=337 (MML)”)
dev.off()

#Which one is best?

GADM projection is not like “normal” and MML coastline is little bit odd, but I am patiently looking forward to improvement into this issue….

ME/290612

Tagged with: Finland map population maps R

R and data visualization, R and maps

R and VIX index

June 27, 2012 by admin - No comments

Using R as visualizing Volatility Index VIX

On September 22, 2003, the CBOE began disseminating price level information using revised methodology for the CBOE Volatility Index, VIX. A spreadsheet with more than 13 years of price history data using this new methodology is now available.

VIX?

In 1993, the Chicago Board Options Exchange® (CBOE®) introduced the CBOE Volatility Index®, VIX®, and it quickly became the benchmark for stock market volatility. It is widely followed and has been cited in hundreds of news articles in the Wall Street Journal, Barron’s and other leading financial publications. Since volatility often signifies financial turmoil, VIX is often referred to as the “investor fear gauge”.
Source: http://www.cboe.com/micro/vix/faq.aspx#1

So, I found this example from there. I change it little bit. In this exampele it use whole time series you will found there. Now let’s look at closer this amazing approach…
#required library require(quantmod) require(ggplot2) require(reshape2) require(plyr) require(scales)# download data source input <- read.table("http://www.cboe.com/publish/ScheduledTask/MktData/datahouse/vixcurrent.csv", header=TRUE, sep=",", na.strings="NA", dec=".", strip.white=TRUE)# creating dataframe dat<-data.frame(date=index(VIX),VIX) #look what we get head(dat)#date conversation input$date <- as.Date(input$Date, "%m/%d/%Y")## below some example do to that ## read in date/time info in format 'm/d/y h:m:s' ## dates <- c("02/27/92", "02/27/92", "01/14/92", "02/28/92", "02/01/92") ## times <- c("23:03:20", "22:29:56", "01:03:30", "18:21:03", "16:56:26") ## x <- paste(dates) ## y <- strptime(x, "%m/%d/%y")# extract year input$year<-as.numeric(as.POSIXlt(input$date)$year+1900)# and the month too OK input$month<-as.numeric(as.POSIXlt(input$date)$mon+1)# monts into right order and giving factor name input$monthf<-factor(input$month,levels=as.character(1:12),labels=c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"),ordered=TRUE)# week days input$weekday = as.POSIXlt(input$date)$wday# week day ordering and gibing factor name (weekdays) input$weekdayf<-factor(input$weekday,levels=rev(1:7),labels=rev(c("Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat","Sun")),ordered=TRUE)# yearmonth input$yearmonth<-as.yearmon(input$date) input$yearmonthf<-factor(input$yearmonth)# week of year by rows input$week <- as.numeric(format(input$date,"%W"))# making week to start at number 1 input<-ddply(input,.(yearmonthf),transform,monthweek=1+week-min(week))# Ok, Now we are ready to plotP<- ggplot(input, aes(monthweek, weekdayf, fill = VIX.Close)) + geom_tile(colour = "white") + facet_grid(year~monthf) + scale_fill_gradient(low="yellow", high="red") + opts(title = "Heatmap - view of future expected stock market volatility (risk)") + xlab("Week of Month") + ylab("")#show the plot P# save the picture # example - output graph to jpeg file jpeg("heatmaps.jpg") P dev.off()...and output will look like this:

That’s it,

Cheers, Marko

Tagged with: R volatility index

R and gVisGeoMap

June 23, 2012 by admin - No comments

Helppoa kuin heinänteko

Here in Finland we have phrase: ” Helppoa kuin heinänteko”. Now my purpose is to indicate what is the relation between this phrase and using R library googleVis.
In this example we use UN datasets from this source.

All datasets used in this examples You could download bloggerqvist server. Of course I encourage You to find appropriate UN dataset and find data within your interest.

Example1: Coke Oven gas production 2006-2009 (TJ)

################################################################ UN data source: http://data.un.org/ Coke oven gas - production ################################################################ # setting amazing library library(googleVis) ################################################################ # download data input <- read.table("http://energy.goeuropeinfo.com/data/un_data/UNdata_Export_20120622_210218958.csv", header=TRUE, sep=";", na.strings="NA", dec=",", strip.white=TRUE)

#selecting yearly data select09<- input[which(input$Year=="2009"),] select08<- input[which(input$Year=="2008"),] select07<- input[which(input$Year=="2007"),] select06<- input[which(input$Year=="2006"),]#selecting variables Map09<- data.frame(select09$Country.or.Area, select09$Quantity) Map08<- data.frame(select08$Country.or.Area, select08$Quantity) Map07<- data.frame(select07$Country.or.Area, select07$Quantity) Map06<- data.frame(select06$Country.or.Area, select06$Quantity)#change variable name names(Map09)<- c("Country", "Coke-oven gas prod. TJ") names(Map08)<- c("Country", "Coke-oven gas prod. TJ") names(Map07)<- c("Country", "Coke-oven gas prod. TJ") names(Map06)<- c("Country", "Coke-oven gas prod. TJ")#year 2009 unmap09=gvisGeoMap(Map09, locationvar="Country", numvar="Coke-oven gas prod. TJ", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions', chartid="Coke-oven prod 2009")) #year 2008 unmap08=gvisGeoMap(Map08, locationvar="Country", numvar="Coke-oven gas prod. TJ", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions')) #year 2007 unmap07=gvisGeoMap(Map07, locationvar="Country", numvar="Coke-oven gas prod. TJ", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions')) #year 2006 unmap06=gvisGeoMap(Map06, locationvar="Country", numvar="Coke-oven gas prod. TJ", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions'))#testing that all is ok plot(unmap09) plot(unmap08) plot(unmap07) plot(unmap06)# saving just created map into html-file cat(unmap09$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_cokeoven_prod_TJ_2009.html") cat(unmap08$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_cokeoven_prod_TJ_2008.html") cat(unmap07$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_cokeoven_prod_TJ_2007.html") cat(unmap06$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_cokeoven_prod_TJ_2006.html")

Results file looks like this:
Map 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006

Have fun,
Marko

…..oops Here Is also an another example….

Example2: Energy use (kg oil eqv per capita)

################################################################ UN data source: http://data.un.org/ energy use ################################################################ library(googleVis) input <- read.table("http://energy.goeuropeinfo.com/data/UNdata_Export_20120623_070334184_energyuse_kg_eqv_oil_per_capita.txt", header=TRUE, sep=";", na.strings="NA", dec=",", strip.white=TRUE) # select year into matrices select09<- input[which(input$Year=="2009"),] select08<- input[which(input$Year=="2008"),] select07<- input[which(input$Year=="2007"),] select06<- input[which(input$Year=="2006"),]#select area and value field Map09<- data.frame(select09$Country.or.Area, select09$Value) Map08<- data.frame(select08$Country.or.Area, select08$Value) Map07<- data.frame(select07$Country.or.Area, select07$Value) Map06<- data.frame(select06$Country.or.Area, select06$Value)names(Map09)<- c("Country", "Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita") names(Map08)<- c("Country", "Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita") names(Map07)<- c("Country", "Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita") names(Map06)<- c("Country", "Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita")unmap09=gvisGeoMap(Map09, locationvar="Country", numvar="Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions')) unmap08=gvisGeoMap(Map08, locationvar="Country", numvar="Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions')) unmap07=gvisGeoMap(Map07, locationvar="Country", numvar="Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions')) unmap06=gvisGeoMap(Map06, locationvar="Country", numvar="Energy Use Eqv oil kg per capita", options=list(height=350, dataMode='regions', chartid="06"),chartid="06")

plot(unmap09)
plot(unmap08)
plot(unmap07)
plot(unmap06)

cat(unmap09$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_energyuse_eqvkgpercapita_2009.html") cat(unmap08$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_energyuse_eqvkgpercapita_2008.html") cat(unmap07$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_energyuse_eqvkgpercapita_2007.html") cat(unmap06$html$chart, file="j:/todo/UN/undata_energyuse_eqvkgpercapita_2006.html")

that’s it…

Tagged with: Coke Oven gas production energy use gVisGeoMap R

R and data visualization, R sample code with data

R and GoogleVision

June 21, 2012 by admin - No comments

Inspired with TED and Hans Rosling

I found this idea from TED.com where Hans Rosling gave an inspiring talk at TED about social and economic developments in the world over the last 50 years. Rosling visualise his talk in amazing way using animated bubble charts. After that (2010) this technology is also available all others thanks to Google and R-package developers. You only need R version 2.11.0 or higher and googleVis -library >= 0.2.4 to do you own “bubble chart”.

Short introduction

googleVis is an R package providing an interface between R and the Google Visualisation API. All output of googleVis is html code that contains the data and references to JavaScript functions hosted by Google. You only need to upload this html file into your operators server and open your webbrowser. Voilaa…after that you could “rattle” your data with very new way.
Please, hold onto your hat now we go forward within this issue….

I was so facinated about this “bubble charting” technology that I decided to make also my own test. I have always want to know how energy production, air emissions, and GPD link together…so I collect data from Eurostat and UN to produce my own “bubble chart” from all EU-countries. Of course I calculated all dependent variables per population.

We need only few rows of code:
#first activate library in R library(googleVis)

#download data from server. Note you have to first "manipulate" your data to appropriate format.

energia <- read.table("http://energy.goeuropeinfo.com/data/CEIP_CLRTAP_UN_UNFCCC_EUROSTAT_me_edited.csv", header=TRUE, sep=";", na.strings="NA", dec=",", strip.white=TRUE) #lets check that everythin is ok data(energia)

#after that just write code below to produce your bubble energiadat <- gvisMotionChart(energia, "Maa", "Vuosi", options=list(width=730, height=540)) plot(energiadat) cat(energiadat$html$chart, file="eu_ente_emissions.html")

#upload html file into your service provider server

Open Motion chart from here

In Motion chart you could choose four variables to present at the same time. To “run” this chart just push the play button.

By the way…I have also made one oral presentation in January by using motion chartting and belive me…audience ask me to show more and more motion…..

Have Fun,
Marko

Source cite:
1 Markus Gesmann and Diego de Castillo. Using the Google Visualisation API with R. The R Journal, 3(2):40-44, December 2011.

2 CEIP, CLRTAP, UN, UNFCCC and Eurostat emissons data.

Tagged with: animation bubble charts motion chart R TED

Category: R and data visualization